八、形容词/副词的比较等级
形容词和副词有三个比较等级,即原级(也就是原形)、比较级(表示“较……”或“更……”的意思,用于两者之间比较)和高级(表示“……”的意思,用于三者或三者以上的比较)。
1.形容词/副词的比较级和高级的规则变化
(1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,高级在后面加-est。
① 单音节单词
small→smaller→smallest
short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest
great→greater→greatest
② 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest
nice→nicer→nicest
able→abler→ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottest
fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest
heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest
happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
2.形容词/副词的比较级和高级的不规则变化
good→better→best
well→better→best
bad→worse→worst
ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
3.原级常用句型
(1)A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A与B一样...
He is as tall as me.
(2)A is not as/so +原级+ as B 表示A不如B...
He is not as tall as me.
(3)只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too,so,enough,pretty等 。
He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
4.比较级常用句型
(1)当句中有than时则用比较级。
He is fatter than me.
(2)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,A or B? ”
Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个更大,地球还是月球?
(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越...”。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
English is more and more important. 英语越来越重要了。
(4)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越...,越...”。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
(5)可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still等。
Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. 第一课比第二课容易得多。
高级常用句型
1.“主语+be+the+形容词高级(+单数名词)+in/of...”表示“……是……中……的”。
Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.
汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中高的。