始终记住，英文形合，中文意合。
Always remember that English is hypotactic and Chinese paratactic.
所有衔接手段中，形合的手段大体上就是，使用各种功能词，比如，代词、连词、副词一类。意合的手段，大体上就是不使用功能词，使用实词的重复、省略、替代。
Among all the cohesive devices, hypotactic ones are roughly those with various functional words, such as pronouns, conjunctions and adverbs. Paratactic ones roughly equal to the use of repetition, ellipsis and substitution of real words, such nouns, verbs and adjectives instead of using functional words.
形合的结合，就是多使用功能词，小句结构中主谓宾的完整，同时明确标识出句子、小句、词组之间的逻辑关系和句法关系。意合的结合，就是利用实词本身存在的同一、反对、包含、交叉等概念逻辑关系，同义、近义、反义、上下义等语义逻辑关系，动词、名词、形容词等的搭配关系，表达句子的意义上的连贯性。
The cohesiveness in hypotactic structure comes from using more functional words to form the complete structure of a clause, which consists of subject, object and predicate verb. And at the same times, these devices mark the logical and syntactical relations between phrases, clauses and sentences. The cohesiveness of paratactic structure comes from the expression of the coherence in meaning inside and between sentences by using the logical relations of concepts present in real words, such as identity, opposition, inclusion and intersection, semantic logical relations, such as synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy, and collocation of nouns, verbs and adjectives.
翻译过程中，英译汉就要做减法，把形合转成意合，去掉代词、连词、副词，省略不必要的功能词；使用重复、省略、替代等词汇手段。汉译英就要作加法，把意合转成形合；添加代词、连词、副词，把小句成分补完整。
In the process of translation, one needs to remove and reduce when translating from English into Chinese as he or she turns hypotactic structure into paratactic structure. He or she needs to remove pronoun, conjunction and adverb and to leave out all other unnecessary functional words. He or she may use repetition, ellipsis and substitution instead. He or she needs to increase and add when translating from Chinese into English as he or she turns hypotactic structure into paratactic structure. He or she needs to add pronouns, conjunctions and adverbs and to complete some clause structures.
当然，想要句子表达，还需要考虑语序和文体特征。而且英汉两种语言都同时使用形合意合两类衔接手段，差异只是每种使用数量的多少。所以，翻译过程中需要避免化。
Of course, if one wants to achieve perfect sentential expressive form, he or she also needs to consider word order and stylistic features. Hypotactic and paratactic cohesive devices are used in both English and Chinese. The difference lies in the amount of the two types of cohesive devices in use. So, a translator should avoid taking the rule in the first paragraph as an absolute one.