求《夏洛特的网》大概100字的主要内容 (中英文)(包含主要情节)?
关于写作的满满干货来袭!
我以我与英文字母纠缠十几年的经验,向大家推荐一本圣经。希望喜爱/需要提高写作的你们,能够少走一些些弯路。
(实际上这本书作为一本经典,在早期的其他大神的回答中已经被推荐过了。所以我在这里会更详细搬出书中一部分核心内容综合自己的方法与实际经验来详细阐述。)
这本圣经,就是The Elements of Style
作者是William Strunk Jr.以及E.B. White(E.B.怀特,
夏洛特的网(Charlotte’s Web)作者
)。全书精悍短小,篇幅才稍稍超过100页(所以其实倒还不如叫手册)。
我会提炼出书中我认为核心的精髓供大家学习参考。
我强烈建议购买一本放在桌边随时翻阅。这本神书对英文初级学习者的写作水平有脱胎换骨的提升,更培养高阶英文写作者简明扼要地表达精炼信息的能力。
总之,重点就是:
快!去!买!书!
注:这本书目前已经有中文译本了,叫做《风格的要素》。但我个人不是很推荐去看翻译过的内容。因为各位需要学习的是
英文
写作!仔细想想这个过程:你要学习英文写作,然后跑买了一本原来是英文,但是翻译成中文的书。你阅读这本中文书,接着尝试着将读到的中文在脑海中转换成英文,后再应用到自己的英文写作。这这这,读起来都像是绕口令,想想都觉得这是个多么浪费时间的过程!所以,答主诚心建议大家购买英文版
----用英文学习英文,是不会出错的路径
。语言在翻译过程中也会流失不少的内容,所以为了保留作者原汁原味的精华,请勿阅读翻译版
!若是英文水平有限真的碰上理解不了的内容了,可以稍稍参阅译本。再者说,这也是对在学习英文的各位一个好的阅读学习机会!Writing is hard, even for authors who do it all the time...no assurance that a person who thinks clearly will be able to write clearly (66).
写作是一个艰难而缓慢的过程。
能够清楚地思考,不代表你可以清楚的输出。
各位在学习写作的过程中,千万不要看到进步缓慢就灰心气馁。与体育,乐器等技能一样,写作也是一项需要长时间打磨的技能。
再不济就想想,答主我跟你一样在写作的道路上挣扎,哈哈!
叨叨了这么多,接下来进入要点:
·
重点一:Planning/Outline(计划/大纲)
Planning must be a deliberate prelude to writing…The more clearly the writer perceives the shape, the better are the chances of success (15).
计划(列出大纲)是写作前的必须步骤。
能够越好地构思文章结构,文章就越可能写的更好。
我曾经采用的方法就是随心所欲,从零开始,想到哪儿写哪儿。写简介的时候在想段落一的内容,写段落一的时候心思却在想段落二怎么衔接。等到了结尾的时候才发现自己主题跑偏,不知所云,整篇作文完全没有一个核心可言。
所以,我们脑海中杂乱不堪的点子,都需要合理的规划和安排,文章才能够有逻辑性。
提供我自己总结的写作流程,适用于各种学术写作:
你的文章应该是一棵大树:树干 = Thesis;树枝 = 伸展出的Body Paragraphs;树叶 = Body Paragraph更细节的论据。
As a rule, begin each paragraph either with a sentence that suggests the topic or with a sentence that helps the transition (16).
每个Body Paragraph的开头句需要承上启下。简洁地衔接上篇段落,然后立刻进入新段落的观点。一般情况下, 这两件事要好在同一句话内完成。
In general, remember that paragraphing calls for a good eye as well as a logical mind. Enormous blocks of print look formidable to readers, who are often reluctant to tackle them (17).
避免大豆腐块段落!90%的情况下,一个paragraph的长度不要超过一页(这当然也取决于排版关系,行间距等因素)。
重点是不要让阅读者的整体视觉果是一整页满满都是字,完全没有喘息的空间。
即使你的内容再丰富,这也是影响阅读体验的一件事。举例说明:
这是我早期的一篇3-Page Essay,采用了这篇答案了所说的所有方法。
可以很清楚地看到我加粗斜体了作文题目,紧接着列出了开头(Introduction)、主旨(Thesis)、Body Paragraph Outline(包含Part I和Part II)、以及结尾(Conclusion)。
我的Body Paragraph中间添加了多的Bullet Points。这些Bullet Points就是我在书中以及各种参考资料中找到的证据(evidence)和quotes,他们的作用当然就是支持段落的论点。
当这样一个细节的Outline完成之后,所需要做的就是在这些证据和quotes上扩展。你需要深入分析你已经粘贴上去的quote。你为什么选择这段quote?它为什么支持你的观点。这部分内容将会成为你的解析(analysis),也是你的原创内容。它也将是你Essay重要的部分。将相关的Quotes、Analysis衔接起来。后的成果就是一篇完整的段落。
·
重点二:Be Clear 简明扼要
Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences…(xv). This requires not that the writer make all sentences short or avoid all detail and treat subjects only in outline, but that every word tell (xvi).
一篇的作文,每一句话都应该简练。每一个单词都要有它存在意义。
如果你能把一句句子写短,就绝不要把它写长。
Elements of Style整本书就是一个实例。从头到尾绝无废话,甚至连废字都找不到一个!
Write with nouns and verbs, not with adjectives and adverbs (71).
大化的使用名词以及动词,减少形容词和副词。
举例:
原句:This beautiful story vividly tells the protagonist’s complicated dilemma.
删减后:The story tells the protagonist’s dilemma.
可以看出原句使用了形容词与副词来让句子变得更长、更复杂,但实际只需只六个单词就可以说明白主旨。
你觉得加入形容词展示了你的写作水平,但多数时候,更多的单词只会让读者云里雾里。
在这方面,我可是过来人。曾经的我真是能拖多长就把句子拖多长!
比如,Because非要写成because of the reason that,my arrival 非要写成 the fact that I have arrived 等等。
这种措辞方法满足了字数要求,在国内的英文写作课也许还能混的过去。但如果想从要求严苛的大学教授那里拿A,行不通。
如果你废字连篇,那么你Essay当然就是废话连篇,阅读体验极低。更何况,我们作为英文非母语的人写学术性文章,论述清楚连贯的中心思想本来已经是个极大的挑战。你数不清的废字再进来一搅合,你的文章质量也就可想而知了。
这里奉上我在全书中喜欢的一句话:
…and you may find yourself adding a few unnecessary words or even a whole passage just to experience the pleasure of running your fingers over the keyboard and watching your words appear on the screen (72).
没错!敲击键盘很爽。
是不是特别喜欢一个个字从屏幕上蹦出来的字的感觉?
我们的问题就是依恋于“打字”这一行为,而不在乎输出内容的质量。
解决方法很容易:添加任何一个单词之前,先扪心自问:我到底有没有必要输入这个词?我添加它是不是只为了让句子变长一点?
我们需要明确: 能够吸引读者的不是你花哨的单词,而是你清晰、明确的观点。
该删就删!毫不留情!
其他书中提供的例子(p. 19):
原句:The Taming of the Shrew
is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare does not portray Katharine as a very admirable character, nor does Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works.改动后:
The women inThe Taming of the Shrew
are unattractive. Katharine is disagreeable, Bianca insignificant.大家可以自己体验一下区别,单从字数来看也了。
即使的作家,也需要不断的书写,删改,再书写,再删改!高输出是一项需要不断练习的超能力,让我们一起在习得它的路上共勉:)
别忘记点个赞啊~祝点赞的各位宝宝们英文写作水平全部疯涨:D
Reference + Works Cited:
Strunk, William and White, E.B. The Elements of Style. Pearson, Great Britain, 2014.
我是Ivy,很高兴你看到了这里。目前牛津大学哲学、生物化学在读。
个人公众号:孤独菠菜(ID:ivytsaii)
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@ivytsaii
其他回答传送门:
有什么事情坚持下来,整个人都会变美?
超强的学习能力是如何练就的?
简短唯美的英语句子有哪些?
Let life be beautiful like summer fiowers and death like autumn leaves.生如夏花之绚烂,死如秋叶之静美。When you need to tell, I am here; When you need a warm hug, I will be here; When you need someone to wipe your tears of sadness, I will here. 当你需要倾诉,我就在这里;当你需要一个温暖的拥抱,我就在这里;当你需要有人为你擦去伤心的泪水,我就在这里。If we can only encounter each other rather than stay with each other, then I wish we had never encountered. - 如果只是遇见,不能停留,不如不遇见。If you weeped for the missing sunset,you would miss all the shining stars如果你为着错过夕阳而哭泣,那么你就要错群星了No one indebted for others,while many people don't know how to cherish others.没有谁对不起谁,只有谁不懂得珍惜谁.When love is not madness, it is not love.如果爱不疯狂就不是爱了。
给我100句关于努力学习的英文句子?
1. Pain past is pleasure.(过去的痛苦就是快乐。)[无论多么艰难一定要咬牙冲过去,将来回忆起来一定甜蜜无比。] 2. While there is life, there is hope.(有生命就有希望/留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。) 3. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.(脑中有知识,胜过手中有金钱。)[从小灌输给孩子的坚定信念。] 4. Storms make trees take deeper roots.(风暴使树木深深扎根。)[感激敌人,感激挫折!] 5. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.(心之所愿,无所不成。)[坚持一个简单的信念就一定会成功。] 6. The shortest answer is doing.(简单的回答就是干。)[想说流利的英语吗?那么现在就开口!心动不如嘴动。] 7. All things are difficult before they are easy.(凡事必先难后易。)[放弃投机取巧的幻想。] 8. Great hopes make great man. (伟大的理想造就伟大的人。) 9. God helps those who help themselves.(天助自助者。) 10. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.(四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀:多一点点!)[比别人多一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多一点疯狂,多一点点就能创造奇迹!] 11. In doing we learn.(实践长才干。) 12. East or west, home is best.(东好西好,还是家里好。) 13. Two heads are better than one.(三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。) 14. Good company on the road is the shortest cut.(行路有良伴就是捷径。) 15. Constant dropping wears the stone.(滴水穿石。) 16. Misfortunes never come alone/single.(祸不单行。) 17. Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.(不经灾祸不知福。) 18. Better late than never.(迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来好。) 19. It's never too late to mend.(过而能改,善莫大焉;亡羊补牢,犹未晚也。) 20. If a thing is worth doing it is worth doing well.(如果事情值得做,就值得做好。) 21. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.(无热情成就不了伟业。) 22. Actions speak louder than words.(行动比语言更响亮。) 23. Lifeless, faultless.(只有死人才不犯错误。) 24. From small beginning come great things.(伟大始于渺小。) 25. One today is worth two tomorrows.(一个今天胜似两个明天。) 26. Truth never fears investigation.(事实从来不怕调查。) 27. The tongue is boneless but it breaks bones.(舌无骨却能折断骨。) 28. A bold attempt is half success.(勇敢的尝试是成功的一半。) 29. Knowing something of everything and everything of something.(通百艺而专一长。) 30. Good advice is beyond all price.(忠告是无价宝。) 12.快乐要有悲伤作陪,雨过应该就有天晴。如果雨后还是雨,如果忧伤之后还是忧伤.请 让我们从容面对这离别之后的离别。 微笑地去寻找一个不可能出现的你! Happiness is accompanied by sorrow, and it would turn sunny after rain as well. If rain remains after rain and sorrow remains after sorrow, please take those farewells easy, and turn to smilingly look for yourself who is never to appear. 13.死亡教会人一切,如同考试之后公布的结果??虽然恍然大悟,但为时晚矣! Like the outcome after an exam, death makes us aware of anything, That is, it’s too late to take a tumble. 14.你出生的时候,你哭着,周围的人笑着;你逝去的时候,你笑着,而周围的人在哭! When you were born, you’re crying but lookers-on were smiling. When you are passing away, you’re smiling but lookers-on are crying. 15.男人在结婚前觉得适合自己的女人很少,结婚后觉得适合自己的女人很多 Man might think that few women fit him before his marriage, and contrarily when they get married. 16.于千万人之中,遇见你所遇见的人;于千万年之中,时间的无涯荒野里,没有早一步, 也没有晚一步,刚巧赶上了 Among thousands of people, you meet those you’ve met. Through thousands of years, with the boundlessness of time, you happen to meet them, neither earlier nor a bit too late. 17.每个人都有潜在的能量,只是很容易:被习惯所掩盖,被时间所迷离,被惰性所消磨. Everyone has his inherent ability( power or capacity?) which is easily concealed by habbits, blurred by time, and eroded by laziness( or inertia?). 18.人生短短几十年,不要给自己留下了什么遗憾,想笑就笑,想哭就哭,该爱的时候就去 爱,无谓压抑自己 Be sure that you have never had any regrets in your life which only lasts for a few decades. Laugh or cry as you like, and it‘s meaningless to oppress yourself. 19.《和平年代》里的话:当幻想和现实面对时,总是很痛苦的。要么你被痛苦击倒,要么 你把痛苦踩在脚下 While our dream is confronted with the reality, you always feel painful. Just trample on the pain, or you‘ll be beat down by it. 20.真正的爱情是不讲究热闹不讲究排场不讲究繁华更不讲究嚎头的 A true love is what doesn‘t strive for busyness, for extravagance, for luxury, and moreover for hokum. 21.生命中,不断地有人离开或进入。于是,看见的,看不见了;记住的,遗忘了。生命中 ,不断地有得到和失落。于是,看不见的,看见了;遗忘的,记住了。 然而,看不见的,是不是 就等于不存在?记住的,是不是永远不会消失? There is someone that is coming or passing away in your life around the clock, so you may lose sight of those seen, and forget those remembered. There is gain and loss in your life, so you may catch sight of those unseen, and remember those forgotten. Nevertheless, doesn‘t the unseen exist for sure? Will the remembered remain for ever? 22.我们确实活得艰难,一要承受种种外部的压力,更要面对自己内心的困惑。在苦苦挣扎 中,如果有人向ni 投以理解的目光,你会感到一种生命的暖意,或许仅有短暂的一瞥,就足以使 我感奋不已。 It‘s true that we have been leading a difficult life, for we need not only to be under various external pressures, but also to be in the face of internal
perplexities.You
would be affected by the warmth of life if someone gives you a understanding look during your bitterstruggle.Even
a mere glance would make you moved and inpired. 23.我不去想是否能够成功,既然选择了远方,便只顾风雨兼程;我不去想,身后会不会袭来寒 风冷雨,既然目标是地平线,留给世界的只能是背影. I wouldn‘t care success or failure, for I will only struggle ahead as long as I have been destined to the distance. I wouldn‘t care the difficulties around, for what I can leave on the earth is only their view of my back since I have beenmarching toward the horizontal.24.后悔是一种耗费精神的情绪.后悔是比损失更大的损失,比错误更大的错误.所以不要后悔 Pentinece is something that enervates our spirit, causing a greater loss than loss itself and making a bigger mistake than mistake itself, so neverregret.Always
bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any one thing.要随时牢记在心:决心取得成功比任何一件事情都重要Don't dawdle away your time,or the young head will soon turnwhite.Then
it will be in vain for you to moan and mourn for this.莫等闲,白了少年头,空悲切。炫音音乐博客y d P0P} y%wXa@You never know what you can do till you try.除非你亲自尝试一下,否则你永远不知道你能够做什么我只能找这么多啦 大约有60个左右吧希望能帮到你!